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Interruption science
Interruption science is the interdisciplinarity scientific study concerned with how interruptions effect human performance, and the development interventions to ameliorate the disruption caused by interruptions. Interruption science is branch of human factors psychology and emerged from human–computer interaction and cognitive psychology.
Being ubiquitous in life and an intuitive concept, there are few formal definitions of interruption. A commonly agreed upon definition proposed by Boehm-Davis and Remington specifies an interruption is “the suspension of one stream of work prior to completion, with the intent of returning to and completing the original stream of work”. Interruptions are considered to be on the spectrum of multitasking and in this context referred to as sequential multitasking. The distinguishing feature of an interruption (c.f., task-switching, concurrent multitasking) is the presence of primary task which must be returned to upon completing a secondary interrupting task.〔 For instance, talking on the phone whilst driving generally is considered an instance of concurrent multitasking; whilst stopping a data entry task to check emails would be considered an instance of an interruption.
Interruptions, in almost all instances, are disruptive to performance and induce errors. Therefore, interruption science typically examines the effects of interruptions in high-risk workplace environments such as aviation, medicine, and vehicle operation in which human error can have serious, potentially disastrous consequences. Interruptions are also explored in less-safety critical workplaces, such as offices, where interruptions can induce stress, anxiety, and poorer performance.
== History ==
The first formal investigation into interruptions was conducted by Zeigarnik and Ovsiankina as part of the Vygotsky Circle in the 1920s. Their seminary research demonstrated the Zeigarnik effect: people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed tasks. In the 1940s, Fitts and Jones reported that interruptions were a cause of pilot errors and flying accidents, and made recommendations on reducing these disruptive effects.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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